Post by Tabita Watanga on Jul 12, 2016 13:37:53 GMT
Diazepam
• Is the medication typical or atypical antipsychotic
Diazepam is an antianxiety agent and a benzodiazepine. It is an atypical antipsychotic, meaning that it is a newer antipsychotic medication with less side effects compared to the older antipsychotic medications (typical). Benzodiazepines potentiate the inhibitory effects of GABA throughout the CNS, resulting in anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxant and antiepileptic effects. Diazepam is commonly used for treating anxiety, agitation, acute alcohol withdrawal, sedation, a muscle relaxant (muscle spasm) and cerebral spasticity (cerebral palsy).
• Common brand names
Common brand names of diazepam include; Valium, Antenex, Ranzepam, Valpam, Apo-Diazepam, Vivol, Elixir.
• Normal dose range
o Adult: 2-10mg, may repeat every 3-4hrs max 30mg/8hrs
o Deep IM: 5ml/min
o Cardioversion: 5-15mg IVI, 5-10min before procedure
o Endoscopic procedure: <_ 20mg IVI immediately before or 5-10mg IMI 30min before
o Anticonvulsant: 5-10mg IVI, may repeat every 10-15min to max 30mg may repeat in 2-4hrs
o Children 6months- 3yrs: 1-6mg per day
• Common side effects
Side effects include; CNS disturbance (Drowsiness, fatigue, amnesia), ataxia, over sedation, hypotension, light-headedness, GI upset, hyper-salivation, ataxia, slurred speech, effects on vision (blurred vision, impaired tracking)
•
• Contraindications
Valium is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to diazepam (mostly in pediatric patients). Valium is also contraindicated in patients with myasthenia gravis, severe respiratory insufficiency, severe hepatic insufficiency, and sleep apnea syndrome, alcohol dependence, depression and status epileptics. It may be used in patients with open-angle glaucoma who are receiving appropriate therapy, but is contraindicated in acute narrow-angle glaucoma.
• Other Information
Precaution
o Poor tolerance to hypotension, acute narrow angle glaucoma, addiction prone; prolong use; abrupt withdrawal. Respiratory, renal, hepatic impairment, pregnancy and children.
Special monitoring/ nursing care requirements
o Renal: Increased sensitivity to CNS effects in renal impairment; use a lower initial dose in severe impairment.
o Hepatic: Contraindicated in severe hepatic impairment, particularly when hepatic encephalopathy is present.
Education requirements for patients/families/carers
o You may feel drowsy while taking this medication; drowsiness may persist the following day; avoid driving or operating heavy equipment until you know how you react.
o Take with food, avoid grapefruit juice and excessive amount of caffeine (coffee and tea)
o Avoid alcohol and other medications that may cause drowsiness while taking this drug.
o If you take this medicine regularly for more than 2–4 weeks your body may become used to it and in time, you may need a higher dose for it to continue to work. If you stop the medicine suddenly, you may have unpleasant effects (feeling anxious, difficulty sleeping). Discuss how to stop the medicine with your doctor first (titration).
o Consumption of diazepam exceeding 1 month, particularly at high doses, risks development of dependence
• Is the medication typical or atypical antipsychotic
Diazepam is an antianxiety agent and a benzodiazepine. It is an atypical antipsychotic, meaning that it is a newer antipsychotic medication with less side effects compared to the older antipsychotic medications (typical). Benzodiazepines potentiate the inhibitory effects of GABA throughout the CNS, resulting in anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxant and antiepileptic effects. Diazepam is commonly used for treating anxiety, agitation, acute alcohol withdrawal, sedation, a muscle relaxant (muscle spasm) and cerebral spasticity (cerebral palsy).
• Common brand names
Common brand names of diazepam include; Valium, Antenex, Ranzepam, Valpam, Apo-Diazepam, Vivol, Elixir.
• Normal dose range
o Adult: 2-10mg, may repeat every 3-4hrs max 30mg/8hrs
o Deep IM: 5ml/min
o Cardioversion: 5-15mg IVI, 5-10min before procedure
o Endoscopic procedure: <_ 20mg IVI immediately before or 5-10mg IMI 30min before
o Anticonvulsant: 5-10mg IVI, may repeat every 10-15min to max 30mg may repeat in 2-4hrs
o Children 6months- 3yrs: 1-6mg per day
• Common side effects
Side effects include; CNS disturbance (Drowsiness, fatigue, amnesia), ataxia, over sedation, hypotension, light-headedness, GI upset, hyper-salivation, ataxia, slurred speech, effects on vision (blurred vision, impaired tracking)
•
• Contraindications
Valium is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to diazepam (mostly in pediatric patients). Valium is also contraindicated in patients with myasthenia gravis, severe respiratory insufficiency, severe hepatic insufficiency, and sleep apnea syndrome, alcohol dependence, depression and status epileptics. It may be used in patients with open-angle glaucoma who are receiving appropriate therapy, but is contraindicated in acute narrow-angle glaucoma.
• Other Information
Precaution
o Poor tolerance to hypotension, acute narrow angle glaucoma, addiction prone; prolong use; abrupt withdrawal. Respiratory, renal, hepatic impairment, pregnancy and children.
Special monitoring/ nursing care requirements
o Renal: Increased sensitivity to CNS effects in renal impairment; use a lower initial dose in severe impairment.
o Hepatic: Contraindicated in severe hepatic impairment, particularly when hepatic encephalopathy is present.
Education requirements for patients/families/carers
o You may feel drowsy while taking this medication; drowsiness may persist the following day; avoid driving or operating heavy equipment until you know how you react.
o Take with food, avoid grapefruit juice and excessive amount of caffeine (coffee and tea)
o Avoid alcohol and other medications that may cause drowsiness while taking this drug.
o If you take this medicine regularly for more than 2–4 weeks your body may become used to it and in time, you may need a higher dose for it to continue to work. If you stop the medicine suddenly, you may have unpleasant effects (feeling anxious, difficulty sleeping). Discuss how to stop the medicine with your doctor first (titration).
o Consumption of diazepam exceeding 1 month, particularly at high doses, risks development of dependence